Colposcopy: What It Is and When You Might Need One

By: Tidewater Physicians for Women in Virginia Beach and Norfolk, VA

If your recent Pap smear came back abnormal, your provider may recommend a colposcopy. While the word may sound intimidating, the procedure is simple, quick, and an important tool in protecting your cervical health. In this Q&A, Tidewater Physicians for Women explains what to expect and why colposcopy matters.

Q: What is a colposcopy?
A: A colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva using a special magnifying device called a colposcope. It allows your provider to identify abnormal or precancerous cells that might not be visible to the naked eye.

Q: When is a colposcopy recommended?
A: Colposcopy is typically done when:

• Your Pap smear results are abnormal
• You test positive for high-risk HPV
• There are visible changes on your cervix during a pelvic exam
• You have unexplained bleeding between periods or after intercourse

Q: What happens during the procedure?
A: A colposcopy is performed in-office and usually takes 10 to 20 minutes:

1. You’ll lie on an exam table, just like during a Pap smear.
2. A speculum is used to gently open the vaginal walls.
3. A mild vinegar-like solution is applied to highlight abnormal cells.
4. The colposcope stays outside the body and allows your provider to closely examine the tissue.
5. If needed, a small biopsy (tissue sample) may be taken for lab analysis.

Q: Is it painful?
A: Most women feel little to no pain. The solution may cause a slight stinging sensation, and the biopsy may feel like a quick pinch or cramp. If a biopsy is taken, you may experience mild spotting or discomfort afterward.

Q: What should I do before and after a colposcopy?
A: Before the procedure:

• Avoid vaginal medications, douching, or intercourse 24–48 hours prior.
• Schedule the exam when you’re not on your period, if possible.

After the procedure:

• You can resume normal activities unless otherwise instructed.
• If a biopsy was taken, you may have light bleeding for a day or two.
• Avoid using tampons and vaginal intercourse for a few days if advised.

Q: When will I get the results?
A: If no biopsy was needed, your provider may discuss findings right away. If a biopsy was performed, results typically return in 1–2 weeks.

Your Cervical Health Matters

Colposcopy is a valuable step in preventing cervical cancer and staying ahead of abnormal changes. If you’ve been told you need one, rest assured it’s a routine procedure and part of your proactive care.

Have questions or need to schedule your colposcopy? Contact us at one of our Virginia Beach or Norfolk locations:
https://tidewaterobgyn.com/locations/

Further Reading

ACOG- Colposcopy